![]() ![]() Additionally, research is needed on the sensitivity to the barrier width and roughness as these parameters are, as of now, not included in the criterion. The criterion would benefit from validation with field measurements and physical modelling. Further research can include a continuation of the research of the applicability of the criterion outside of idealized models and the necessity of treating certain aspects separately (e.g. The criterion can be used for preliminary designing advice or as a basis for further research regarding the utilization of SBWs as a form of coastal protection. Although the criterion cannot be used for a quantitative prediction of the shoreline response, it can function as a tool for the first assessment of the mode of shoreline response in cases of designing a coastal protection system based on multiple SBWs. This impact is made visible by analysing the availability of sediment and the different degree in wave sheltering with respect to a single SBW system. Submerged breakwaters are low-crested offshore structures that are built shore-parallel in shallow water, with their crests at or below water level. The extra term is based on a theoretical analysis and numerical modelling (Delft3D) of the impact of the lateral confinement ratio. The criterion to predict the mode of shoreline response (accretive versus erosive) to a single SBW is made applicable to multiple SBW cases by adding a term accounting for the added processes. However, in its current form, the criterion is only valid for single SBW systems. Because the design parameters can be used directly to predict a shoreline response via this criterion, it is deemed to be better suited for the objective of this thesis. This thesis will look into the existing criteria based on the physical parameters of the system. There exist multiple methods to predict if a certain SBW system will cause a 2-cell or 4-cell flow pattern. These patterns have comparable results in cases with a single SBW and cases with multiple SBWs. A 2-cell flow pattern causes a divergent flow at the shoreline and therefore local erosion, whereas a 4-cell flow pattern causes convergent flow at the shoreline with local accretion as a result. Studies showed that the initial mode of the shoreline response can be linked to the flow pattern observed in the lee of the SBW. The objective of this thesis is to develop a design criterion predicting the shoreline response to multiple SBWs. Added processes such as the distribution of the return flow and the (hydrodynamic) interaction between the separate SBWs induce a complex wave and flow pattern in the lee of the SBWs. This complexity further increases in the case of multiple SBWs. However, the actual application of SBWs is often discouraged because the complexity of the hydrodynamics in the vicinity of SBWs makes the shoreline response hard to predict. In addition, there is a possibility for recreational purposes. Compared to their emergent counterpart there is no impact on the beach amenity and aesthetics. Shore-parallel submerged breakwaters (SBWs) appear as an attractive form of coastal protection. In the present study, artificial oyster reef in Oesterdam, The Netherlands, is studied based on the geometric form, movement of particle shells inside, composition of structure of oyster reef related with the ability to reduce the wave energy.Developing a design criterion for the shoreline response to multiple submerged breakwaters The coastal protection measures by using nature and natural processes are expected to have positive impact not only in nature and safety but also in other functions such as recreation or economy. Not only the term of mechanism but also the nature dynamics of the ecosystem are considered to create flexible and sustainable infrastructure while enhancing nature values. To accomplish the mentioned goal, the design of LCS structures is needed to allow the transmission of a definite amount of wave energy over the structure by overtopping and also letting transmission occurred through the porous structure. It is used also to provide reducing for the hydraulic loading to become required level where the dynamic equilibrium can be maintained at the shoreline. The present study focuses on detached breakwaters and artificial reefs which are classified as Low crested and submerged structures (LCS). The various kinds of coastal structures can be applied to solve, or at least, to reduce these problems. Due to the problem on coastal erosion is getting more severe currently, there should be the study on the potential impacts of coastal protection structures on the erosion and sediment movement on areas under influence of currents, tides and storm surges. ![]()
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